To determine the appropriate size for a well water tank, consider the following factors: 1. **Household Size and Water Usage**: Calculate the average daily water usage. A typical household uses about 50-100 gallons per person per day. Multiply the number of people by the gallons per person to estimate daily usage. 2. **Pump Flow Rate**: Check the flow rate of your well pump, usually measured in gallons per minute (GPM). This helps in determining the drawdown capacity needed. 3. **Drawdown Capacity**: This is the amount of water the tank can deliver between pump cycles. A larger drawdown capacity reduces the frequency of pump cycles, extending pump life. A general rule is to have a drawdown capacity that allows the pump to run for at least one minute per cycle. 4. **Peak Demand**: Consider peak water usage times, such as mornings or evenings when multiple water outlets may be used simultaneously. Ensure the tank can handle this demand without causing the pump to cycle excessively. 5. **Tank Size Recommendations**: - For a 1-10 GPM pump, a tank with a drawdown capacity of 10-20 gallons is suitable. - For a 10-20 GPM pump, consider a tank with a 20-40 gallon drawdown. - For a 20-30 GPM pump, a 40-60 gallon drawdown is recommended. 6. **Future Needs**: Consider potential future increases in water usage, such as additional family members or new appliances, and choose a slightly larger tank if necessary. 7. **Space and Budget**: Ensure the tank fits the available space and budget constraints. By evaluating these factors, you can select a well water tank that efficiently meets your household's water needs while optimizing pump performance and longevity.

1. **Select the Tank**: Choose a tank size based on your household's water needs. Consider material (plastic, fiberglass, or steel) and ensure it's suitable for potable water. 2. **Site Preparation**: Choose a level, stable location near the well. Clear the area of debris and vegetation. Create a solid base using gravel or a concrete pad to prevent settling and ensure proper drainage. 3. **Plumbing Connections**: Plan the plumbing layout. Install a shut-off valve on the main water line from the well. Use PVC or PEX pipes for connections, ensuring they are rated for potable water. 4. **Install the Tank**: Position the tank on the prepared base. Ensure it is level and stable. Secure it if necessary to prevent movement. 5. **Connect the Inlet**: Attach the inlet pipe from the well pump to the tank. Install a check valve to prevent backflow. Use Teflon tape on threaded connections to prevent leaks. 6. **Connect the Outlet**: Connect the outlet pipe to the house plumbing. Install a pressure tank and pressure switch to regulate water pressure. Ensure all connections are tight and leak-free. 7. **Install a Vent**: Ensure the tank has a vent to prevent vacuum formation. This can be a simple screened opening at the top of the tank. 8. **Electrical Connections**: If using an electric pump, ensure it is properly wired to a power source. Follow local electrical codes and consider hiring a professional electrician. 9. **Test the System**: Turn on the pump and check for leaks. Adjust the pressure switch settings if necessary. Ensure the system maintains consistent pressure and operates smoothly. 10. **Maintenance**: Regularly inspect the tank and connections for leaks or damage. Clean the tank periodically to prevent sediment buildup.

You should check the air pressure in your well water tank at least once every 6 months. Regular checks ensure that the tank operates efficiently and prevents potential issues such as waterlogging or pump cycling problems. If you notice any changes in water pressure, unusual noises, or frequent cycling of the pump, you should check the air pressure immediately, regardless of the regular schedule. To check the air pressure, first, turn off the power to the pump and drain the water from the tank. Use a tire pressure gauge to measure the air pressure at the air valve located on top of the tank. The pressure should typically be 2 psi below the cut-in pressure of your pump. For example, if your pump's cut-in pressure is 30 psi, the tank's air pressure should be 28 psi. Adjust the air pressure as needed using an air compressor or a manual pump. Regular maintenance and monitoring of the air pressure can extend the lifespan of your well water system, improve water delivery efficiency, and prevent costly repairs.

Signs of a failing well water tank include: 1. **Fluctuating Water Pressure**: Inconsistent water pressure or sudden drops can indicate a problem with the pressure tank or its components. 2. **Strange Noises**: Unusual sounds such as banging, clicking, or hissing from the tank may suggest issues like water hammer or air leaks. 3. **Visible Leaks**: Water pooling around the tank or visible rust and corrosion can indicate a leak or structural failure. 4. **Short Cycling**: The pump turning on and off more frequently than usual, known as short cycling, can be a sign of a failing pressure tank. 5. **Air in Faucets**: Sputtering or air coming out of faucets can indicate a problem with the tank's air bladder or a leak allowing air into the system. 6. **Water Quality Changes**: Changes in water taste, odor, or color can suggest contamination or a failing tank affecting water quality. 7. **Increased Energy Bills**: A malfunctioning tank can cause the pump to work harder, leading to higher electricity costs. 8. **Pressure Gauge Issues**: A pressure gauge that reads erratically or shows pressure outside the normal range can indicate a problem with the tank. 9. **Age of the Tank**: Tanks typically last 10-15 years. If your tank is within or beyond this range, it may be nearing the end of its lifespan. 10. **Constant Running Pump**: If the pump runs continuously without shutting off, it may indicate a pressure tank issue. 11. **Waterlogged Tank**: A tank that feels heavy or full of water when tapped may have a compromised air bladder, leading to waterlogging. 12. **Reduced Water Flow**: A noticeable decrease in water flow can be a sign of a failing tank affecting the system's efficiency.

To replace the fittings on a well water tank, follow these steps: 1. **Turn Off Power and Water Supply**: Switch off the power to the well pump at the circuit breaker. Close the main water valve to prevent water flow. 2. **Drain the Tank**: Attach a garden hose to the tank's drain valve. Open the valve and direct the hose to a suitable drainage area. Open a faucet in the house to allow air into the system, facilitating drainage. 3. **Remove Old Fittings**: Use a wrench to disconnect the pipes and fittings from the tank. Be cautious of any residual water. If fittings are corroded, apply penetrating oil and allow it to sit before attempting removal. 4. **Inspect and Clean**: Check the tank's connection points for rust or damage. Clean the threads with a wire brush to ensure a good seal with new fittings. 5. **Select New Fittings**: Choose fittings compatible with your tank material (e.g., brass, PVC). Ensure they match the size and type of the old fittings. 6. **Apply Thread Sealant**: Wrap Teflon tape or apply pipe joint compound to the threads of the new fittings to prevent leaks. 7. **Install New Fittings**: Attach the new fittings to the tank, tightening them securely with a wrench. Avoid over-tightening to prevent damage. 8. **Reconnect Pipes**: Reattach the pipes to the new fittings, ensuring all connections are tight and secure. 9. **Refill and Test**: Close the drain valve and remove the hose. Turn on the water supply and restore power to the pump. Check for leaks by observing the connections as the tank refills. 10. **Final Check**: Once the tank is full, inspect all fittings and connections for leaks. Tighten as necessary. This process ensures your well water tank operates efficiently with new, secure fittings.

An air volume control (AVC) in a well water tank is a device that maintains the correct air-to-water ratio within the tank, ensuring efficient operation and preventing waterlogging. In a hydro-pneumatic tank system, air is essential to create pressure that pushes water out of the tank when a faucet is opened. Over time, air can be absorbed into the water, reducing the air cushion and causing the tank to become waterlogged, which can lead to frequent pump cycling and reduced efficiency. The AVC works by automatically adding or releasing air to maintain the optimal air volume. It typically consists of a float mechanism and a vent or valve system. As water enters the tank, the float rises, and when it reaches a certain level, the AVC opens a valve to allow air to enter the tank. Conversely, if the air volume becomes too high, the AVC releases excess air through a vent. Some AVCs use a snifter valve and a bleeder orifice system. The snifter valve, located on the pump side of the check valve, allows air to enter the system when the pump is off. The bleeder orifice, located in the drop pipe inside the well, releases water and allows air to enter the pipe when the pump stops, ensuring air is introduced into the tank. By maintaining the correct air volume, the AVC ensures that the tank operates efficiently, reducing wear on the pump and extending its lifespan. Properly functioning AVCs help maintain consistent water pressure and prevent issues associated with waterlogged tanks, such as pump short cycling and reduced water delivery.

1. **Check the Pressure Tank**: Ensure the pressure tank is properly pressurized. Turn off the pump, drain the tank, and use a tire gauge to check the air pressure. It should be 2 psi below the cut-in pressure of the pump. 2. **Inspect the Pressure Switch**: Examine the pressure switch for any signs of wear or damage. Clean the contacts if they are dirty or corroded. Ensure the switch is set correctly, typically between 30-50 psi or 40-60 psi. 3. **Examine the Pump**: Listen for unusual noises from the pump, which may indicate mechanical issues. Check for leaks or blockages in the pump and ensure it is receiving power. 4. **Check for Clogs**: Inspect the pipes, filters, and screens for any blockages or sediment build-up that could restrict water flow. Clean or replace as necessary. 5. **Inspect the Well**: Ensure the well is not running dry. Check the water level and compare it to historical levels. If the water level is low, consider water conservation or consult a professional. 6. **Look for Leaks**: Inspect the entire system for leaks, including pipes, joints, and connections. Repair any leaks to restore pressure. 7. **Test the Foot Valve and Check Valve**: Ensure these valves are functioning properly to prevent backflow and maintain pressure. 8. **Evaluate the Piping System**: Check for any kinks, bends, or damage in the pipes that could impede water flow. 9. **Consult a Professional**: If the issue persists, contact a well system professional to conduct a thorough inspection and repair.